I would suggest creating a Table with two field (Id , Description) that will
contain the values that you specified.
Store in the MainTable the Id and not the description, and when you want to
display te description create a query that link this two tables.
If you don't like this approach you can create a query and use the Switch
function
SELECT FieldName,
Switch([FieldName]="CLEAN",1,[FieldName]="CLEANCONT",2,[FieldName]="CONTAMINATED",3,[FieldName]="DIRTY",4) AS FieldId
FROM MyTableName
But any spelling mistake will return NULL.

Signature
HTH, Good Luck
BS"D
> I am trying to create a query expression for an existing text field and I am
> having problems doing so.
[quoted text clipped - 8 lines]
>
> Any suggestions?